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How solar panels work

DATE:2019-10-15 16:05:33 FROM:

With the development of the economy and the progress of society, people have increasingly higher requirements for energy. Finding new energy has become an urgent issue facing human beings. There are four main sources of existing power energy, namely thermal power, hydropower, nuclear power and wind power. Solar photovoltaic power generation refers to a power generation method that directly converts light energy into electrical energy without using a thermal process. It includes photovoltaic power generation, photochemical power generation, light induction power generation and photobiological power generation. So how exactly does a solar panel work?
 
In physics, solar energy is based on the photovoltaic effect, in which two different materials in close contact generate a voltage when they are struck by light or other radiant energy. In solar energy, these materials belong to a category called semiconductors-neither conductors nor electrical insulators that allow electrons to flow under certain conditions. The most commonly used semiconductor in the solar industry is silicon.
When photons separate electrons from the material, solar panels generate electricity. In fact, solar panels consist of a series of smaller units called photovoltaic cells, which actually convert solar energy into electricity. A typical solar panel also includes a metal frame, a glass case, and various wirings to allow current to flow from the silicon cell. Because solar panels generate DC power, an inverter is also needed to turn DC power into AC power for home use. Type semiconductors tend to pick up small positive charges, while N-type semiconductors have negative charges. Generally, semiconductor materials are doped with impurities, making them easier to supply or accept electrons, because crystals such as silicon or germanium often do not allow electrons to move freely from atoms. This is very similar to the negative voltage of one electrode of the battery relative to the other electrode.
 
Semiconductors can be one of two types: P and N. Each solar cell sandwiches two of these semiconductors, one layer is P-type and one layer is N-type (looks much like a battery). Electrons can pass freely from one side to the other, but not in opposite directions. Imagine a hill-the electrons come down easily from the hill (to the N side), but cannot climb to it (to the P side). This happens when the electrons are raised to an excited state by consuming the energy received from the incident light. If it weren't for the material forming the junction, the free electron would eventually fall back to the ground state. And because electrons are only allowed to flow in a single direction-from N-type to P-type-the photovoltaic effect produces direct current. This current, along with the battery's voltage, defines the power (or wattage) that a solar cell can produce. Each photon with sufficient energy usually releases an electron, forming a "hole". The electric field will then move electrons to the N side and holes to the P side.

Our headquarter is located in Yangzhou, with a 400,000KWH fully automatic battery production line and another 1000MW fully automatic solar panel production plant in Vietnam.

    Yangzhou Zhongming Technology Co., Ltd.